Rebirth 2008: I Can Make Money Reading - Vol 2 Chapter 474

【Rebirth 2008: I can make money by reading】【】

“Ah San is developing a turbofan engine for king use, but it has not been successful.”

“Well, it was just reported that as of December 2014, the total cost of their research and development on the Kavli GTX-35VS project has reached 3.3 billion U.S. dollars. This research funding is much more than ours.”

“Hey, the thrust-to-weight ratio is 7.47. This still adds an afterburner, which is not as high as our civil aviation engine. Their engine can only be regarded as the second generation. The fan of the engine is a 3-stage axial flow type and adopts a transonic design. The axial flow type is correct, but if the basic skills are not done well, especially their quality control of materials, hehe, maybe even the materials are not qualified, so they will be labeled as qualified.”

“I heard that their project has been established since 1986, and it has been going on for more than 30 years. It’s really perseverance.”

While working, several scientific researchers of the aero-engine project team were talking about the Asan Kafri GTX-35VS engine reported by the media just now, which failed again, so the media focused on the report, and many Hua people watched it with gusto.

Well, schadenfreude feels great.

The leader of the project team heard several colleagues talking about this topic and couldn’t help but criticize them: “There’s nothing to laugh at. The engine we are currently developing still relies on the chairman. You think you are very good at it.”

“Leader, we didn’t laugh at him, we just said that we are very happy to see his misfortune.

“Okay.” The team leader couldn’t help laughing, but he changed his face all of a sudden, “Oh, compared with the backward national engines, you really have face, why don’t you compare GE (General Electric) or RR (Royal Electric)? Sless) for comparison?”

In this long period of nearly 100 years, GE Aviation has repeatedly set various “first” records in terms of technological innovation, such as the first jet engine in the U.S., the civil aviation engine with the strongest single-engine thrust in the world, and the most superior The most powerful civilian engines and the most powerful series of turboshaft engines are masterpieces of GE.

Rolls-Royce does not only manufacture cars, it also manufactures aero engines, and some Airbus models use Rolls-Royce engines. The brand second only to GE in the field of turbofan engines.

The world’s three major aero engine manufacturers, besides GE and RR, there is also the ugly country Pratt & Whitney, referred to as P, is a world-renowned manufacturer of turboprop/turbofan engines for monarchs, turboshaft engines for helicopters and civil aviation manufacturers. business.

The team leader didn’t mention P, but felt that P’s turbofan engine was not as good as GE and RR. Suddenly, when everyone saw the chairman walking into the laboratory, they all consciously shut up. It seems that the chairman stood at the door for a while.

With a calm face, Mu Yang said to the team leader: “I see that you are very interested in discussing Kaveri, why don’t you just hold a discussion meeting, review and summarize the development process of Kaveri aero-engine, and then analyze the causes of other problems? The reason for the frustration of engine development, see if you can get inspiration from it, it has certain reference and reference value for our aero-engine development path and the formation of market-oriented technology and system innovation.

Also, after the discussion, everyone should write a technical summary of no less than 500 words. After finishing speaking, he didn’t care about these sluggish employees, and he wanted to visit other laboratories. After he left, everyone’s faces instantly collapsed, and their heads drooped.

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A team member smiled wryly: “Leader, should we have a meeting to discuss Kaveri?” The team leader asked with a half-smile, “What do you think?”

“Let’s go ahead, hey, what a disaster!” They didn’t dare to take the chairman’s words as fart. “Who told you to beep beep, and you were caught by the chairman.”

“The chairman is elusive, walking without making a sound, I didn’t notice.”

“Why did the question go to the chairman? Why didn’t he say that he laughed at Ah San, and his scientific research attitude was not correct.”

“Well, there are indeed some ridicules. There is a problem with the attitude. I really don’t blame the chairman.”

“What the chairman said is correct. Analyzing the reasons for his failure is also learning. Half an hour later, all team members will have a meeting in the small conference room.” The team leader said seriously. Recently, the chairman has come to the laboratory more often and is very concerned. Advances in the development of aero-engines.

Since the chairman issued the information, it has passed

In the past half a year, the prototype has not yet come out.

At present, the main structure of the XH-AN05-01 aero-engine has been processed, and most of the parts are ready. The main reason is that some parts are not available and need to be customized or independently developed, which will lengthen the cycle.

The prototype has not been installed, and everyone does not know what problems will arise. The most fearful thing is that a component has a problem, which involves the entire engine, and the whole body is affected by a single movement. That is the most annoying thing.

Currently, Muyang is solving the coating problem.

He came to the coating laboratory, helped the R&D personnel analyze a few problems, and then returned to the office. Not long after he sat down, his student Jin Wei came in to ask him a question.

Every week, Mu Yang has to set aside some time to instruct students, and each student has about half an hour to an hour of instructing time per week.

Jin Wei asked respectfully: “Teacher, I have a doubt now, what kind of coating is generally used for the engine shaft parts we are studying now?”

In fact, they were making a model airplane for their teacher and encountered many problems, which was not as easy as they imagined.

After such a comparison, I found out that the teacher is really awesome.

“High-temperature wear-resistant coating.” Mu Yang didn’t answer the detailed question directly, but instead asked, “Are you familiar with the material now?”

“I have read the book, but I am not very familiar with the application. Then I checked the coating materials and found that there are too many models. I don’t know how to choose.”

“There are hundreds of models of light wear-resistant coatings at home and abroad, and this does not include some manufacturers’ own models. It is normal that you can’t remember, and there is no such information for you to summarize. not much.

You memorize the material, you don’t need to memorize so much, unless you have a very good memory, but in any case, it is not the correct way to study the material.

If you really want to delve into materials, you need to understand the properties of each element, including its unit cell structure. “Mu Yang explained patiently,” the shaft parts of the engine are mostly coated with C-Co, the sealing ring and the mating surface of the **** plate are coated with CoMoCrSi, the pipe teeth are coated with AI203-, and the anti-erosion is mostly coated with TiN. Layer, I said these points, have you found any difference in elements? ”

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Seeing him shaking his head, Mu Yang didn’t make things difficult for him anymore. His student has only been exposed to the materials for a short time, and if he hasn’t been deeply involved in the materials for a few years, it will be difficult to understand.

“Co cobalt, Mo molybdenum, and tungsten all have the characteristics of high temperature resistance or high temperature creep resistance. For example, the melting point of pure tungsten is 3420 degrees Celsius. In the past, old light bulbs used tungsten wire as a high temperature resistant material. Now some rural families Also use this light bulb.

Since tungsten has this characteristic, trace tungsten elements are added to many materials to improve the high temperature resistance of the material;

The high temperature resistance characteristics of Co cobalt and Mo molybdenum are different……

“So, if you want to be familiar with materials, you don’t have to memorize so many material models, but you need to know how to look up information. As long as you understand the characteristics of commonly used material elements, there are about a dozen commonly used elements. How much trace amount will affect the material? If you know how to use the selected material model, you don’t need to memorize the material model at all. You only need to see the chemical percentage of the material, and you can even understand what the material is used for.

Of course, even if the chemical composition is the same, the performance of the manufactured materials is very different. This is the problem of the process and equipment of each manufacturer, but the characteristics of the material will not change due to the process and equipment. ”

When Mu Yang was explaining to the students, he also cheated on him to speed up the students’ understanding of the material.

“Oh, thank you teacher, I found out that I understand a lot.” Jin Wei said gratefully. He still had a lot of doubts, but after listening to the teacher’s words, he suddenly realized that he didn’t need more guidance from the teacher, and he knew how to check the materials. material up.

Jin Wei asked again: “Teacher, what is the basis for choosing the thickness of the coating?”

Mu Yang said: “At present, there is no specific standard at home and abroad, and the thicker the coating, the better, but it is definitely not good if it is too thin.

Like high-temperature coatings, they are often mixed with elements such as Co cobalt, Mo molybdenum, and tungsten. The hardness of the coating is destined to be relatively high. Correspondingly, its

The plasticity is relatively poor. If it is thick, it will be easy to crack. If it is too thin, it will not achieve the effect.

How thick it is depends on the process. You can find out about the plasma spray welding STL side. Generally, it will not exceed five millimeters. It is a bond between atoms, unlike spray paint, which is covered with a layer;

If it is not interatomic bonding, like carburizing and nitriding, the coating will not be too thick, generally less than 2 mm, and normally 0.5 to 1.2 mm. ”

“Teacher, many parts of our engine are manufactured using metal 3D additive equipment. Is the coating a bond between atoms?”

“Yes, it is actually laser surfacing, but we control the internal stress well, so there is no deformation.

Generally speaking, the coating of high temperature resistant materials is traditional surfacing method, the base material will be deformed, and the thickness is difficult to control.

Some of our parts must be made of forgings due to the relatively high toughness requirements. Although the metal 3D additive equipment has the performance of primary forgings, it still cannot meet the requirements. Therefore, if the coating of these parts is high temperature resistant, most of them are traditional. Welding method, and then finishing.

TiN coating adopts physical vapor deposition (PVD) process, and other wear-resistant coatings mostly use plasma or supersonic spraying process. ”

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The more Jin Wei listened, the more he scratched his head, and found that he didn’t understand a lot. Mu Yang asked him to understand again, and explained patiently, so he understood.

After about 20 minutes, Mu Yang stopped talking to him and asked him to go back and summarize more. First, he had been hanging with Jin Wei for a long time just now, and Jin Wei himself wanted to summarize what he had learned, and he couldn’t digest so much at once. amount of knowledge.

After Jin Wei left, Mu Yang was also thinking about the coating of aero-engines.

When the fan is at high altitude, the temperature is very low and it is easy to freeze, so an anti-icing coating is needed; it belongs to the air inlet, which is far away from the combustion chamber, and the temperature cannot be transmitted to the position of the fan. Moreover, with high-speed air intake, the temperature will drop sharply, which is the reason for freezing.

There are two methods of anti-icing: one is to prevent water vapor from condensing on the surface of the parts, and the other is to make the ice layer fall off quickly.

However, since the metal 3D additive equipment, there are small curved hollow channels inside the fan, which use the excess heat from the combustion chamber to be sent to the fan blades through the shaft center-fan seat for physical heating. This is the Xinghai Group aero-engine Technological means applied for the first time.

If there is no metal 3D additive equipment, it cannot be processed by traditional processing.

It is not enough to have general metal 3D additive equipment. If it does not reach the level of forgings, it will not dare to use it to manufacture fans that require high toughness. It can only be processed with a five-axis linkage CNC machining center.

Mu Yang also checked, and there is no better coating process at present, and the use of metal 3D additive equipment for surfacing is the best process.

There are better coating materials, but they are still not transformative.

It is difficult for a material to produce transformative properties, unless new elements are found, easy to smelt, and only by adding them during smelting can they have the properties of some new elements.

Muyang is now trying to solve the heat insulation materials for the combustion chamber and high-pressure turbine, such as the combustion chamber. If there is no heat insulation material, heat will be lost. At the same time, the heat transfer will also be burned by adjacent parts that are not resistant to high temperatures.

The coating applied to the combustion chamber is also the most “heat-resistant” coating, it is called: thermal barrier coating!

Its function is to reduce the surface temperature of the part, so that the part can maintain the proper mechanical properties at high temperature.

The thermal barrier coating is composed of a bonding layer and a surface layer. The function of the bonding layer is mainly to prevent oxidation and corrosion of the part matrix, while the main function of the surface layer is to provide heat insulation.

Now, Muyang has developed a ceramic composite material ~www.mtlnovel.com~ called Environmental Barrier Coating (EBC), which will replace part of the thermal barrier coating and become another high-end coating used in hot end components. layer technology.

Using the Xinghai Group’s metal 3D additive manufacturing equipment, the EBC can be made into a module and then installed on the parts, just like a thermal insulation coat.

Of course, it can also be sprayed on the surface of parts.

due to EB

C is not a metal material, it cannot be combined with metals, that is, it cannot be melted together.

On December 26, Mu Yang finally applied this EBC coating material in the combustion chamber.

Leng Han has been busy for nearly a month, working overtime every day, but he still hasn’t produced the model airplane, which is not as easy as imagined.

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They lacked systematic knowledge and experience, and the difference between the plan and the actual situation was too great. The original idea was very good, but in practice, due to the too strict requirements, what they did was not an ordinary model aircraft, and some problems were not resolved.

But during this month, they have been tracking the production of products and asked many difficult questions from experts and teachers, and they have learned a lot.

Near the end of the month, Xinghai Group’s Xingguang 01 and Xingchen 01 mobile phone chips have finally achieved mass production. It is estimated that 15 million chips can be mass-produced in the first month. Xingguang 01 and Xingchen 01 are produced at a production ratio of 9:1.

The monthly wafer production capacity has also reached 65,000 pieces.

The newly produced mobile phone chips are immediately sent to the mobile phone manufacturers, and there is no need to enter the inventory warehouse at all.