Shao Song - Vol 2.4 Chapter 12

“Shao Song (!

The Song-Jin War was a large-scale war that guided the Song Xuanhe 7th year (1125) to the Northern Song Dynasty Jianyan 10th year (1137). The Song Dynasty fought against the Jin army’s southern invasion, regained lost ground, and plowed the cave.

Main commanders: Jin Guo: Wanyan Zonghan (Nianhan), Wanyan Zongwang (Orubu), Wanyan Zongbi (Wu Shu), Wanyan Loushi, Wanyan Balisu; Song Dynasty: Zhao Jiu, Han Shizhong, Yue Fei, Li Yanxian , Wu Jie, Zhang Rong, Zhang Jun, Ma Kuo

Result: In the early stage of the war, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty was destroyed, the emperor was captured, and the power of the Kingdom of Jin reached its peak; in the later period, the Chinese Allied Forces destroyed the gold and built Yan Zhongxing.

Background: See “Jin-Liao War” and “Sea Alliance”. During the process of destroying the Liao Dynasty, Jin used the tactics of war-raising and warfare skillfully. The Jurchen tribe made a fortune in the war and had a strong willingness to expand. At the same time, we can see through the futility and reality of the Southern Song Dynasty court. Behind the blossoming flowers is weak, so we have carried out the southern invasion many times.

Introduction to the process of war:

The first stage: the Golden Army offensive stage.

In October 1125, the Jin Army went south for the first time. West Road Nianhan entered Shanxi, and East Road Oru made up Hebei. The east and west combined forces attempted to capture Tokyo. Eventually, due to the arrival of the king of the world, the army temporarily retreated, and the Southern Song Dynasty cut the three towns of Hebei for peace. .

Impact: The first South invasion of the Jin Army marked the beginning of the Song and Jin War.

In August 1126, the Jin army invaded for the second time in the south. Nianhan again attacked Taiyuan from the west, and the Oru supplemented the east. In November, he encircled Tokyo. Zhao Jiu was ordered to go to Jinying to beg for peace and meet with the Yellow River. The city of Tokyo was broken the following month, and Jing Kang shame occurred.

Impact: The Southern Song Dynasty perishes.

In September 1127, the Jin Army invaded the south for the third time. Lou Shi was the head of the West Route Army to attack Shaanxi and was blocked by Li Yanxian. Wu Shu was the pioneer of the East Route Army to attack Jingdong. Song Shizu led the troops with Han Shizhong, Zhang Jun and Liu Guangshi. Layers of resistance to the enemy, the Shouzhou offensive and defensive war broke out, but Liu Guangshi abandoned the ground first, and Zhang Jun fell behind in danger. Song Shizu personally cut Liu Guangshi and went to Cai alone to calm the army and reiterate the military discipline. The morale of the Song army was greatly boosted. , Jin Jun was defeated.

Impact: The Jin Army’s large-scale offensive was frustrated for the first time, breaking the myth of the invincibility of the Jin Army. The Northern Song Dynasty ushered in a respite. Han Shizhong and Yue Fei appreciated Song Shizu and planted the seeds for the follow-up counterattack.

In August 1128, the Jin Army invaded the fourth south, Nanjing Yingtian Mansion was breached, Zhang Suo was martyred, Kong Yanzhou, Zhang Yu, and Zhe Keqiu surrendered, Han Shizhong was trapped in October, and the Nanyang offensive and defensive war broke out in November. Suddenly fell in Nanyang, Shanzhou. In December, Tokyo Zongze became seriously ill. Du Chong replaced him. Song Qin Wang Jun was on the front line of Yanling, but Du Chong did not want to serve the country, fear the enemy and fight timidly. His son, Du Yan, knew the truth about the fact that Dayi rode solo to the south. In the first month of the following year, Shizu only led his guards to dive to Yanling, cut Duchong, and took Yue Fei as the general to finish the attack on Yan Dalai.

Significance: The Song Army won a large-scale field battle for the first time, and the rumor that Jurchen was dissatisfied and invincible was broken. This strategy supported the Song army’s fighting on the two wings of Shaanxi and Shandong, restrained the Jin army’s offensive, and created good conditions for the Song army to counterattack. The Jin army’s strategy to destroy the Song Dynasty failed in a short period of time.

The second stage: strategic stalemate stage

Song Shizu’s return to the old capital made the Jurchen nobles realize that the rhetoric of destroying Song has become empty talk in the short term, so they focused on local attacks and tried to seize the initiative in the long-term confrontation.

In the first month of 1130, the Golden Army launched its fifth southward invasion. This time the Golden Army was mainly probing, and the two sides did not engage in large-scale fighting. In March of the same year, the Golden Army relied on the strength of the Armed Forces to violate the time of the sky and launched the sixth southward invasion. In May, it broke Luoyang. On May 29th, the Song and Jin sides launched a decisive battle in Yaoshan. The battle was extremely fierce. The two armies were less than 100 meters apart recently, and the top commander even fired at each other. The soldiers on both sides died and injured nearly 100,000. In the end, the commander-in-chief of the Kingdom of Jin, Wanyan Lou, was killed, and the Song Army was defeated.

Impact: The **** battle of Yaoshan hit hard the main force of the Jin Army, which had a significant impact on the Song Army’s anti-golden war. The last large-scale offensive of Jin failed and the strategic advantage gradually disappeared. Song Jin entered the stage of strategic stalemate, which can be called the battle of the Northern Song Dynasty. .

In 1131, the Jin Army repatriated the captured clan in the Song Dynasty with the intention of seeking peace. The Northern Song Dynasty falsely negotiated peace while dispatching troops and generals, and successfully eliminated the Qi Qi. In 1132, the Song army attacked Xixia and the Jin army assisted. In September, Song, Liao, and Mongolia carried out the Jinhebo League and established a unified alliance, and then Xixia declared its demise, and the Song army regained the land of Hetao.

Influence: During the strategic stalemate, the Song army took the initiative to cut off the Qi and Xixia who had submitted to the Kingdom of Jin, and united with the rest of the Western Liao and Mongolia tribes with strong anti-gold desires, forcing Goryeo to remain neutral. Clearing the obstacles for the strategic counterattack and laying the foundation, caused the Song Jin strong and weak balance to undergo drastic changes, and strengthened the court’s internal anti-gold thinking.

The third stage: Song army counterattack stage

In November 1132, Song Shizu summoned the horse to expand the performance, and asked about the extinction of the golden policy, and immediately carried out the expansion of the army and the reform of the tax system in the following year. During Shizu’s southern tour in 1134, he began to pour acres into acres of land and began to cut the soil, which was called the “Jianyan New Deal” in history.

At the Southeast Gongge meeting in June 1135, the internal thinking was unified through a public pairing method and the process of anti-golden resistance was determined. In September, the Northern Song Dynasty merged with the Liao and Mongolia tribes to form the Chinese Allied Forces, and issued an inscription, swearing to cut gold, known in history as the “Northern Expedition of Jianyan”.

The 300,000 Chinese Allied Forces were divided into two groups, adopting the strategy of taking Yuancheng in the east and Taiyuan in the west, and joining forces in the north. Song Shizu personally served as the head of the West Road Army, and Yue Fei was the head of the East Road Army; the Jin Army was headed by Wushu, with Lisu as the commander. On December 30, the Song Army East and West Route Army used gunpowder to simultaneously attack Taiyuan and Yuancheng.

In 1136, the main forces of the Chinese Allied Forces and the Jin Army met at Jingxing. In February, the two sides launched the final decisive battle in the Huolu area. When the war was anxious, Song Shizu personally crossed the river, converged all the tribes to defeat the Jin Army, and cut the Jinshuai quickly. Later, Zhang Rong used the navy to intercept the Golden Army’s way, and the various Chinese ministries chased after it.

Impact: The Battle of Huolu was a huge victory for the Chinese Allied Forces (mainly the Northern Song Dynasty). It basically destroyed the main force of the Jin Army, completely reversed the situation of the Song and Jin War, accelerated the demise of the Kingdom of Jin, and laid the foundation for the next century in Northeast Asia. The political and military structure of China has filled countless people in the world with admiration.

Literature: There are many poems praising people and events during the Battle of Song and Jin Dynasties. The most famous one is “The Qingyu Case·Yuanxi” written by Song Shizu. For details, please refer to “Song Shizu Poems Appreciation”.

The most famous paintings are “Tokyo Boiling Picture” painted by Zhang Zeduan after he won the deer victory, and the Japanese national treasure “Square Inches”.

The dramas and novels written based on the battle between Song and Jin are vast and diverse in style… Among them, the “Shao Song Reading Club” is the most absurd. Later, “Gao Bao Qi Ren” referred to this style and adopted an evil way of writing.

Historical evaluation: The Song-Jin war lasted more than ten years, and at that time it could be called the battle for hegemony of East Asia, and even the hegemony of the world. At the beginning of the war, the Golden Army was in the ascending stage of military, political, and diplomacy, and the quality of the soldiers was the best in the world. Wanyan Aguda, the founder of the Kingdom of Jin, was a hero, and laid a solid economic, political, and military foundation for the Jin army to go south. During the extermination of the Liao Dynasty, he obtained an excuse for the war against the Song Dynasty and held a favorable position in public opinion.

During the first two southward journeys of the Jin Army, the tactics were appropriate and they made full use of their own advantages. In addition, the Southern Song Dynasty courts were teeming and frivolous, the army was slack, the ruler was faint, and the policy of compromise was pursued. Therefore, he obtained rich results. However, due to their long battle lines, unacceptable soldiers, rude rule, not recognized by the Han people, lack of control over the occupied areas, and difficulty in obtaining supplies, the Song Dynasty’s strategy was profound and its cultural heritage was rich, and the Song Dynasty could not be completely destroyed.

In the middle of the war, the famous Song Shizu Zhao Jiu in Chinese history succeeded to the throne and adopted a resolute strategy of resistance. Although the Northern Song Dynasty was only based on half of the rivers and mountains, the soldiers and the people held on to the same enemies and persevered in danger. Famous battles such as the Battle of Nanyang, the Battle of Yanling, the Bloody Battle of Yaoshan dampened the strength of the Jin army and consumed a large amount of its viable force, which enabled the Northern Song Dynasty government and the opposition to build confidence in the success of the war against the gold.

In the later period of the war, after the wars of extermination of Xia and Qi, “Hu Hongxiu’s envoy to the Liao Dynasty” Song Dynasty established a good military and diplomatic environment. After the “Shaoxing Conference”, under the leadership of Song Shizu, the Northern Song court unified the ideological pace and carried out internal reforms. The accumulation of quantity gradually accelerated. The balance of Song and Jin’s strength and weakness gradually tilted, and finally the “Jianyan Northern Expedition” and “Deer Victory” were the results of qualitative changes. , Destroy the Golden State and achieve the goal of hitting Huanglong directly.

The victory of the Song and Jin War ended the division of North and South since the end of the Tang Dynasty. The country was reunified, promoted national integration, strengthened the identity of the Chinese nation, and changed the spirit of society. It is conducive to social stability and progress, promotes the economic development of the north, rebalances the economic development of the north and south, and lays the foundation for the establishment of “Shaoxing Prosperity”.

Related evaluations for later generations:

Song Wuzong: Observing the history of the Southern Song Dynasty, Fang Jieshi ancestor was shamelessly known as Zhuojun.

Zhu Xi: Shizu, there is the world’s quantity.

Lu Jiuyuan: After Huiqin, it was a blessing to meet the ancestors of the world.

Xin Qiji: Hatred is not at the right time.

Lu You: I am fortunate to encounter such an era and to witness the splendor of such an era.

Meng Gong: Today, I will serve as the ancestors of Jianyan, guarding the borders and defending the enemy, capturing and cutting the warchief, swaying the victory, and gaining power outside the territory. All warriors, today, there is advancement but no retreat.

Bi Zaiyu: Every time you watch the history and the golden battle, you know that the army cannot be defeated.

Xu Heng: After Jingkang, who will win?

Song Jingzong: The achievements of the ancestors, Jianyan and wise ministers are reflected in the annals of history.

Zhang Yanghao: Shizu, a role model for the emperor.

Guan Hanqing: The ancestors have a cloud, and there is nothing to say to others. Now that the situation has changed, the ancestors are safe?

Ma Zhiyuan: Although it is difficult nowadays, things must be done. Emperor Shizu Zhuyu is in front, and I hope your majesty will cheer up.

Song Xianzong: Shizu’s name is Zhongxing, which is really pioneering.

Song Yizong: Today, the world is boiling, and side troubles are rising again. Which of the qings can help us to solve our worries?

Chen Youliang: If you are alone when you meet Song Shizu, you will be disarmed, UU can read www.uukānshu.com to seek the merits of Han and Yue; if you meet Song Taizu, you should seek to occupy the river and enter the map, and retreat will divide the world.

Liu Ji: The sage is born, the famous ministers are present, Jingkang and Jianyan are separated by the front line. How far is the distance between the monarchs and ministers of the two dynasties?

Ming Taizu: Song Shizu, who has no time for it.

Wang Zhen: Your Majesty’s young heroic fighters, Qin Huang, Han Wu, Tang Zong and Song Zu are just like this.

Yu Qian: Although it’s difficult nowadays, it’s not like the time to build inflammation.

Ming Zhaozong: Yu Qian, our Zongze also.

—Excerpt from Baidu Qianke

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