The Science Fiction World of Xueba - Chapter 483

Pang Xuelin stared blankly at the two white-haired old men on the screen. Thirty years ago, the past was still the same as yesterday, still vivid in the memory.

In this world, the only unstoppable thing is time. It is like a sharp blade, silently cutting through everything that is hard and soft, constantly advancing forward, and nothing can make it move a little bumpy, but it Changes everything.

After a long time, Pang Xuelin made a long sigh.

The Chinese solar world is not the longest in the world he has been in, nor the most dangerous, but it is the most unforgettable.

In this world, he has harvested friendship, affection, and love, established his own career, achieved unimaginable achievements for ordinary people, but separated from everyone in such a helpless way.

Things are impermanent, and even time and space walkers like Pang Xuelin have frustration.

laugh……

The airlock behind him suddenly opened.

Pang Xuelin turned his head and saw Mu Qingqing floating in when he woke up somehow.

“Alin!”

Seeing Pang Xuelin, Mu Qingqing seemed a little excited, and with a little effort, he instantly came to Pang Xuelin.

“Qingqing!”

Pang Xuelin embraced his wife in his arms, and the two embraced each other for a long time.

After a long time, Pang Xuelin slowly separated Mu Qingqing.

Mu Qingqing has also received a lot of video information in the past three decades, including those from Mu Dong, Feng Wanying, and Liu Qi. The content is similar to that received by Pang Xuelin.

However, after all, the girl was sensitive, and Mu Qingqing was less than half of it, so she fell into Pang Xuelin’s arms and wept silently.

It’s been a few days before Mu Qingqing walked out of the low mood.

For the explorers on the spaceship Ark, if you want to make as few mistakes as possible in the next trip, the most important thing is to always be rational and not allow emotions to control your actions.

After a few days of adjustment, the lives of Pang Xuelin and Mu Qingqing became regular.

In addition to hugging and sleeping in a sleeping bag every day, the rest of the time, the two are basically busy in non-stop.

For thirty years, the Ark spacecraft has accumulated a lot of faults. Although the system involves a high degree of redundancy, without the intervention of others, the faults will continue to occur and the spacecraft will collapse completely one day.

Therefore, in the past few days, Pang Xuelin and Mu Qingqing conducted a comprehensive inspection of the spacecraft software and hardware systems.

Some parts that have been damaged or have problems are directly replaced with spare parts, or after the materials of the original parts are restored, they are updated again through 3D printing technology.

In addition, Pang Xuelin and Mu Qingqing also performed more than ten spacewalk missions to repair some worn nanomirror films.

Of course, another mission is also essential, which is to detect Proxima Star through the telescope and detector carried on the spacecraft.

Almost every day, Pang Xuelin and Mu Qingqing will make new discoveries.

Proximity’s actual diameter is only one-seventh of the Sun, and its mass is equivalent to 150 times that of Jupiter, but its life span is several times that of the Sun, up to more than 80 billion years.

In the Milky Way, nearly three-quarters of stars are all such red dwarfs.

Due to the size and brightness, few astronomers have devoted themselves to the scientific research of red dwarfs for a long time. For decades, scientists believed that there could be no intelligent life near red dwarfs.

The reason is very simple. If there are planets around the red dwarf, the planets will be completely “locked” by the red dwarf because they are too close to each other, just like the moon is locked by the earth. The planet will have only one side facing its “sun”, the red dwarf star, while the other side will always be in darkness.

Therefore, an extremely harsh environment will appear on this planet, and any atmospheric gas will be frozen on the side of the night, while the side of the day will be completely exposed to stellar rays.

It’s hard to imagine that such a planetary environment will have life, so red dwarfs are almost uncontroversially excluded from the list of extraterrestrial life exploration targets.

Of course, some people think that the nuclear fusion on red dwarfs is very slow, which makes them very long-lived and can maintain a stable state of billions of years or more, which is beneficial to the development of life on the surrounding planets.

In contrast, the Sun can only support the earth ’s life for another 5 billion years, and then it will expand into a red giant star, scorching and devouring the earth.

It is only a pity that although Pang Xuelin and Mu Qingqing observed three planets around Proximity through telescopes, these three planets can basically determine that there is no life.

Among them, the closest planet to Proxima Centauri is only 5 million kilometers away from Proxima Centauri. At such a distance, one side of the planet is basically completely locked by the tidal force.

The temperature on the sunny side of the planet exceeds 500 Kelvin, but the temperature on the negative side is only a few tens of Kelvin. This planet is like a Mercury in the solar system, with no atmosphere, no water, and no life.

The second planet is in the habitable zone of Proxima Star.

Although this planet has an atmosphere, the atmospheric pressure is only equivalent to three thousandths of the earth, and observations show that the new ball has less active geological activities, and most of the landforms were formed during the more active period in ancient times, with dense meteorite Craters, volcanoes and canyons, another topographical feature is the obvious difference between the northern and southern hemispheres: the south is an ancient, crater-filled highland, and the north is a younger plain.

Obviously, there is no life in such a world.

And the third planet is an ice giant star, more than one astronomical unit away from Proximity Star, except for being able to observe the surface storm, nothing else.

A month later, Ark One finally passed Proximity Star two astronomical units away from Proximity Star.

Even at such a distance, Proxima Stars was just a table tennis-sized dark red fireball in the eyes of the two, which gave a dark glow to the dark night sky.

After passing by Proxima, it will take another two years to reach the Alpha Centauri A / B star.

During this time, life will be much more boring.

The maintenance faults in the spacecraft have also been repaired, and the daily observation data is also lacking. It can be completely recorded by the spacecraft computer and then sent to the earth through a huge antenna.

However, Pang Xuelin and Mu Qingqing did not lose, but they enjoyed the time now.

After entering the Chinese solar world for so many years, Pang Xuelin spent most of his energy on making money and industrial development, and he didn’t have much time to engage in scientific research.

After so many years of neglecting his main business, this time, Pang Xue finally had time to engage in academic research, and he had a sense of joy in it.

As for Mu Qingqing, being able to accompany Pang Xuelin is the greatest satisfaction for her.

Every day, I get along, and occasionally do sports that are good for both physical and mental health and promote emotions. Both of them are very satisfied.

That night (still retaining the 24-hour time system on the earth), after doing sports, Pang Xuelin took Mu Qingqing and took a shower in the shower room on the spaceship. I couldn’t sleep for a while, so I came to my little study and spread out the manuscript to start my own research.

Because of the limited space and the quality that can be carried, there is not much experimental equipment carried on the Ark One.

Unable to engage in large-scale scientific experiments, Pang Xuelin had to refocus his attention on the study of mathematical conjecture.

So far, Pang Xuelin has completed the proof work of BSD conjecture, ABC conjecture, twin prime conjecture, Polignac conjecture, Hodge conjecture.

The next heavyweight conjecture is not much left. There are P and NP problems, the existence and quality gap of Young Mills, the existence and smoothness of the Nawell-Stoker equation, the famous Riemann conjecture, And the Goldbach conjecture, the so-called most difficult mathematical conjecture to date.

The P and NP problem is actually a logic operation problem.

To put it simply, on a Saturday night, you attended a grand party.

Feeling embarrassed, you want to know if there is someone you already know in this hall.

The host of the banquet suggested to you that you must know the lady Rose who is in the corner near the dessert plate.

In less than a second, you can glance there and find that the host of the banquet is correct. However, if there is no such suggestion, you must look around the hall and examine everyone one by one to see if there is someone you know.

This represents a phenomenon in which it usually takes much more time to generate a solution to a problem than to verify a given solution.

This is an example of this general phenomenon.

Similarly, if someone tells you that the number 13717421 can be written as the product of two smaller numbers, you may not know whether you should believe him, but if he tells you that it can be decomposed into 3607 times 3803, then you You can easily verify that this is correct with a pocket calculator.

It has been found that all complete polynomial non-deterministic problems can be converted into a type of logical operation problems called satisfaction problems.

Since all possible answers to this type of question can be calculated in polynomial time, people wonder whether there is a deterministic algorithm for this kind of problem that can directly calculate or search for the correct answer in polynomial time?

This is the famous NP = P conjecture. Regardless of whether we write programs smartly, deciding whether an answer can be quickly verified using internal knowledge, or whether there is no such prompt and takes a lot of time to solve, is regarded as one of the most prominent problems in logic and computer science.

However, the existence and mass gap of Young Mills, the laws of quantum physics are established by the Newton’s law of classical mechanics to the world of elementary particles.

About half a century ago, Yang Zhenning and Mills discovered that quantum physics revealed a striking relationship between elementary particle physics and the mathematics of geometric objects.

The predictions based on the Young-Miles equation have been confirmed in high-energy experiments performed in laboratories around the world: Brockhaven, Stanford, the European Institute of Particle Physics, and standing waves.

Nonetheless, their equations that describe heavy particles and are mathematically rigorous have no known solutions.

In particular, the “mass gap” hypothesis confirmed by most physicists and applied in their interpretation of “quark” invisibility has never been satisfactorily confirmed mathematically.

Progress on this issue requires the introduction of fundamentally new concepts in both physical and mathematical aspects.

As for the existence and smoothness of the Nawell-Stoker equation, it is a problem in the field of fluid mechanics.

The undulating waves followed our small boat that was winding through the lake, and the turbulent airflow followed the flight of our modern jet aircraft.

Mathematicians and physicists are convinced that both the breeze and turbulence can be explained and predicted by understanding the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations.

Although Ponzi geometry theory has made scientists make substantial progress in solving nonlinear partial differential equations, the mystery hidden in the Navier-Stokes equations still requires the joint efforts of mathematicians.

As for Riemann’s conjecture, its meaning is not to mention.

The Riemann conjecture was put forward by Bonnhard Riemann in 1859. The scientist was born in 1826 in the small town of Breslenz, which belonged to the Kingdom of Hanover.

In 1859, Riemann was elected as a member of the Berlin Academy of Communications.

In return for this noble honor, he submitted a paper entitled “On the Number of Prime Numbers Less Than a Given Value” to the Berlin Academy of Sciences.

This eight-page paper is the “birthplace” of Riemann’s conjecture.

Riemann’s paper studied a problem that mathematicians have long been interested in, namely the distribution of prime numbers.

Prime numbers are also called prime numbers. A prime number is a natural number that is greater than 1 like 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, and cannot be divided by other positive integers except 1 and itself.

These numbers are of great importance in the study of number theory, because all positive integers greater than 1 can be expressed as their sum.

In a sense, their status in number theory is similar to the atoms used to construct everything in the physical world.

The definition of prime numbers is simple enough to be taught in middle school or even elementary school, but their distribution is subtle and unusual. Mathematicians have put a lot of effort into it, but they have not yet fully understood it.

A major achievement of the Riemann paper is that the mystery of the distribution of prime numbers is completely contained in a special function, especially a series of special points that make that function zero are decisive for the detailed law of the distribution of prime numbers. influences.

That function is now called the Riemann zeta function, and that particular set of points is called the nontrivial zero point of the Riemann zeta function.

Interestingly, although the results of Riemann’s article are significant, the text is extremely concise, and even a little too concise, because it includes a lot of “proof”.

What’s terrible is that the “proof of proof” should be used to omit those obvious proofs, but this is not the case in Riemann’s paper. His “proof of proof” has spent decades of later mathematicians Efforts can only be completed, and some are still blank even today.

However, Riemann’s paper contains a proposition that he clearly admits that he can’t prove, in addition to the numerous “proofs omitted”, that proposition is the Riemann conjecture.

Riemann guessed that 160 days have passed since www.mtlnovel.com ~ was born in 1859. During this period, it was like a towering mountain, attracting countless mathematicians to climb, but no one could climb. top.

Some people have counted that there are more than a thousand mathematical propositions in the current mathematical literature based on the establishment of the Riemann conjecture (or its generalized form). If the Riemann conjecture is proved, all those mathematical propositions can be promoted to the theorem; on the contrary, if the Riemann conjecture is denied, at least a part of those mathematical propositions will become burials.

It took Pang Xuelin several days before deciding to use the Riemann conjecture as the next key research direction.

Of course, given the difficulty and importance of Riemann’s conjecture, Pang Xuelin did not expect to be able to solve this conjecture smoothly.

He just hopes that in the process of studying Riemann’s conjecture, he can deepen his understanding of the distribution of prime numbers, so as to further perfect his relevant theory of Ponzi geometry.

Stones from other hills, can learn.

Perhaps through the research on Riemann’s conjecture, it can promote progress in other fields.

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